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 Ford F 250 XLT 1999 F 250 SUPER CAB 73 TURBO DIESEL 2WD 1 OWNER TANK TOOL BOX COMBO NO RESERVE $7,400.00 (22 Bids) Time Remaining: 5h 54m |
 Ford F 250 Lariat 2002F 250CREW CAB73L POWERSTROKE TURBO DIESELAUTOMATICONLY 93K MILES $15,980.00 Time Remaining: 18d 4h 32m Buy It Now for only: $15,980.00 |
 Ford Other Pickups 2WD REG CAB 2008 F450 SUPER DUTY CAB CHASSIS 141WB V8 TURBO DIESEL 64LMANUAL 6SPD HD OD $5,875.00 (12 Bids) Time Remaining: 7h 7m |
 Ford F 250 2002 Ford F250 Super Duty Extended Cab 73 Turbo Diesel $6,500.00 Time Remaining: 5d 1h 18m Buy It Now for only: $6,500.00 |
 Ford F 250 Crew Cab 156 2004 Ford F 250 Lariat FX 4 4WD Crew Cab Powerstroke Turbo Diesel NO RESERVE $12,100.00 (8 Bids) Time Remaining: 7h 55m |
 Ford F 350 F 350 LARIAT 2008 Ford F 350 LARIAT 4x4 64 TURBO DIESEL CREW CAB DUALLY $26,601.00 (4 Bids) Time Remaining: 9h 33m Buy It Now for only: $33,000.00 |
 Ford F 350 XLT 1999 FORD F350 POWER STROKE 73L TURBO DIESEL 4X4 XLT REG CAB LONG 80 PIX $6,995.00 Time Remaining: 7d 2h 57m Buy It Now for only: $6,995.00 |
 Porsche 911 porsche 911 turbo tiptronic s cab one of a kind flawless loaded all options $97,900.00 Time Remaining: 20h 7m |
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 Ford F 250 We Finance Used Ford 73L Powerstroke Turbo Diesel 4x4 Pickup Trucks 4wd Truck Extra Cab $7,100.00 (15 Bids) Time Remaining: 22h 34m |
 Ford F 250 4X4 DIESEL 2004 FORD F250 SUPER DUTY 60L V8 TURBO DIESEL XLT Extended Cab F 250 4X4 $9,600.00 (12 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 1h 1m |
 Ford F 350 XLT 2006 Ford F 350 4x4 SD Super Cab Turbo Diesel XLT Repairable Rebuildable Ez Fix $11,995.00 Time Remaining: 19d 1h 44m Buy It Now for only: $11,995.00 |
 Dodge Ram 3500 WE FINANCE 2010 Dodge Ram 3500 Big Horn Quad Cab8 ft bed Cummins Turbo dieselCLEAN $35,100.00 (6 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 1h 49m |
 Chevrolet Silverado 3500 LTZ Crew Cab 2012 LTZ Crew DRW 4x4 Navigation Leather Heated Cooled Sunroof Turbo Diesel $49,363.00 Time Remaining: 14d 1h 6m Buy It Now for only: $49,363.00 |
 Chevrolet Silverado 2500 LS 02 Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 66L Duramax Turbo Diesel Crew Cab 4x4 LS Truck $3,150.00 (8 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 2h 49m Buy It Now for only: $17,777.00 |
 GMC Sierra 2500 SLT DURAMAX 2007 Sierra 2500HD Classic DURAMAX TURBO DEISEL Ext Cab EXC IN OUT NO RESERVE $6,800.00 (10 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 3h 54m |
 Ford F 250 4x4 Lifted 2003 Ford Super Duty F250 Crew Cab 156 Bed 4WD Diesel Pickup Truck Turbo Lift $14,500.00 Time Remaining: 11d 10h 50m Buy It Now for only: $14,500.00 |
 Chevrolet Silverado 3500 LS 2006 Chevrolet Silverado 3500 Dually Ext Cab 66 V8 Duramax Turbo Diesel $7,600.00 (7 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 5h 21m Buy It Now for only: $23,777.00 |
 Ford F 350 XLT 2001 Ford F350 73 V8 Turbo Diesel 4x4 Crew Cab $9,999.00 Time Remaining: 3d 18m Buy It Now for only: $9,999.00 |
 Ford F 350 2004 FORD F 350 60 L LARIAT TURBO DIESEL CREW CAB 4 DOOR DUALLY 4X4 FX BLACK $14,900.00 Time Remaining: 1d 7h 11m |
 Ford F 350 1996 Ford F350 XLT 73 Turbo Diesel Crew Cab Long Bed 43000 original miles $3,000.00 Time Remaining: 1d 8h 42m |
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 Dodge Ram 3500 4WD Mega Cab 2008 Dodge Ram 3500 Mega Cab 67 Cummins Turbo Diesel Auto AC PS PW PB LOOK $22,999.00 Time Remaining: 5h 34m Buy It Now for only: $22,999.00 |
 Ford F 450 LARIAT 08 FULL SIZE TURBO F450 DIESEL CAB CREW ENTERTAINMENT $23,100.00 (6 Bids) Time Remaining: 2d 2m |
 Chevrolet Silverado 2500 LS Crew Cab 4x4 66L Duramax Turbo Diesel Long Bed No Reserve $9,999.00 Time Remaining: 2d 8h 6m |
 Chevrolet Silverado 2500 EXT CAB 2002 Silverado 2500 LS HD Auto 66L Turbo Diesel 4x4 Long Bed LOW MILES 62K $18,999.00 Time Remaining: 14d 4h 43m Buy It Now for only: $18,999.00 |
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 Ford F 350 4WD CREW CAB 4X4 TURBO Diesel Dually F 350 XLT CREW CAB WARRANTY MARYLAND STATE INSPECTED $17,999.00 Time Remaining: 11d 21h 54m Buy It Now for only: $17,999.00 |
 Ford F 350 XLT Powerstroke Turbo Diesel 4x4 Ext Cab NO RESERVE $5,600.00 (21 Bids) Time Remaining: 2d 8h 11m |
 Dodge Ram 2500 diesel 2005 Dodge Ram 2500 3 4 ton Diesel 4x4 Cummins 6 Speed Turbo Quad Cab Lifted $14,600.00 (13 Bids) Time Remaining: 2d 10h 6m Buy It Now for only: $26,500.00 |
 Ford F 350 Ford F350 4x4 Harley Davidson Turbo Diesel Crew Cab $21,000.00 Time Remaining: 1d 5h 47m Buy It Now for only: $21,000.00 |
 Porsche 911 2004 PORSCHE 911 TURBO CAB ONLY 11000 MILES BLACK BLACK FULL LEATHER NAV $10,000.00 Time Remaining: 2d 23h 2m Buy It Now for only: $63,500.00 |
 Dodge Ram 2500 4DR Quad Cab 1999 Ram 2500 4DR Quad Cab 59L Turbo Diesel 5 Speed Manual 4X4 Leather $14,999.00 Time Remaining: 14d 4h 44m Buy It Now for only: $14,999.00 |
 Porsche 911 Turbo 2004 911 TURBO CAB 8000 MI 6 SPEED SILVER BLACK FULL LEATHER NAV 19 ALUMINUM $38,000.00 (8 Bids) Time Remaining: 2d 23h 22m Buy It Now for only: $65,800.00 |
 Porsche 911 Turbo 2009 PORSCHE 997 TURBO CAB WHITE BLACK MANY UPGRADES ONLY 8100 MILES $40,300.00 (7 Bids) Time Remaining: 2d 23h 25m Buy It Now for only: $124,500.00 |
 Porsche 911 TURBO S CAB 178k MSRP only 500 miles PDK TRANS Ceramic Brakes Sat Radio 530hp $169,980.00 Time Remaining: 17d 2h 16m Buy It Now for only: $169,980.00 |
 Ford F 350 turbo diesel 1994 Ford F 350 crew cab dually powerstroke turbo diesel $3,250.00 (6 Bids) Time Remaining: 3d 33m |
 Ford F 350 King Ranch 60 TURBO DIESEL KING RANCH CREW CAB FX4 OFF ROAD PKG $22,750.00 Time Remaining: 6d 5h 44m Buy It Now for only: $22,750.00 |
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 Porsche 911 CAB PDK 2011 PORSCHE TURBO S CAB GT SILVER METALLIC NAV PDK ONLY 800 MILES LOADED $120,100.00 (6 Bids) Time Remaining: 3d 58m Buy It Now for only: $158,800.00 |
 Porsche 911 2002 Porsche 911 Carrera cab with hard top turbo wheel and side skirt $29,800.00 Time Remaining: 11d 10h 4m Buy It Now for only: $29,800.00 |
 Ford F 250 LARIAT 04 F250 LARIAT SUPER DUTY 60 TURBO DIESEL CREW CAB LEER HARD TOP $9,000.00 Time Remaining: 3d 2h 4m Buy It Now for only: $12,500.00 |
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 Ford F 350 VERY CLEAN + HARLEY DAVIDSON F350 60L TURBO DIESEL 4x4 SUPER DUTY CREW CAB CARFAX CERTIFIED $12,100.00 (19 Bids) Time Remaining: 3d 6h 40m |
 Ford F 250 DIESEL TURBO 2000 Ford Super Duty F 250 Auto Crew Cab 156 XLT $9,900.00 Time Remaining: 13d 23h 34m Buy It Now for only: $9,900.00 |
 Dodge Ram 2500 SLT Mega Cab Ram 2500 Mega cab 4x4 67L Cummins Turbo Diesel $10,600.00 (2 Bids) Time Remaining: 3d 6h 45m |
 Ford F 250 LARIAT FT ft 06 FULL SIZE TURBO F250 4WD 4X4 DIESEL CAB CREW $26,991.00 Time Remaining: 15d 1h 24m Buy It Now for only: $26,991.00 |
 Porsche 911 2DR TURBO CA 2004 Porsche 911 Turbo Cabriolet 04 Cab Manual Fast Twin Turbo FINANCE WITH US $40,000.00 (2 Bids) Time Remaining: 3d 7h 44m Buy It Now for only: $59,888.00 |
 Ford F 350 73L DIESEL 2003 FORD F350 XLT SUPER CAB4WD73L POWERSTROKE TURBO DIESELLEATHER INT $5,100.00 (8 Bids) Time Remaining: 3d 22h 38m |
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 Ford F 350 Lariat 99 F350 73L Powerstroke Turbo Diesel Super Cab Dually w Tow Bedliner $5,300.00 (5 Bids) Time Remaining: 4d 2h 55m |
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 Dodge Ram 2500 SLT 4x4 03 Ram 2500 Quad Cab 59L Cummins Turbo Diesel Lifted 4x4 Offroad Ready $7,000.00 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 4d 2h 55m |
 Ford F 350 Diesel Used Ford F350 Powerstroke Turbo Dually Regualr Cab 4x2 Pickup Trucks 2wd Truck $6,600.00 (7 Bids) Time Remaining: 4d 3h 20m |
 Ford F 350 XLT 2006 F 350 TURBO DIESEL CREW CAB DUALLY 4X4 HWY MILES GORGEOUS $17,995.00 Time Remaining: 14d 5h 55m Buy It Now for only: $17,995.00 |
 Chevrolet Other Pickups Kodiak 04 C4500 Crew Cab Monroe 66L Duramax Turbo Diesel Allison Auto Trans $18,100.00 (8 Bids) Time Remaining: 4d 4h 3m |
 Porsche 911 Turbo Cab 2004 Porsche 911 Turbo Cabriolet Convertible Tiptronic AWD 51K Miles Las Vegas $46,000.00 Time Remaining: 6d 3h 1m Buy It Now for only: $46,000.00 |
 Ford F 350 LARIAT 08 FULL SIZE TURBO F350 4WD 4X4 DIESEL CAB CREW ROAD KING RANCH UNIQUE $35,950.00 Time Remaining: 4d 5h 12m |
 Chevrolet Silverado 2500 LT 2500HD 08 BLACK 2500 HD CHEVY 4WD TURBO DIESEL CREW CAB 4X4 ALLISON TRANSMISSION $27,225.00 (21 Bids) Time Remaining: 4d 5h 20m |
 Chevrolet Silverado 3500 LT1 3500HD 08 DUALLY FULL SIZE TURBO 6 SPEED CHEVY 4WD 4X4 DIESEL ONSTAR CAB CREW $29,000.00 Time Remaining: 20d 1h 20m Buy It Now for only: $29,000.00 |
 Dodge Ram 2500 NO RESERVE 2005 DODGE RAM 2500 4X4 4WD CUMMINS TURBO DIESEL QUAD CAB SHORT BED $12,350.00 (14 Bids) Time Remaining: 4d 7h 48m |
 Dodge Ram 3500 SLT Mega Cab 2012 SLT Mega 2WD Cummins Turbo Diesel 6 Speed Manual Lifetime Warranty $39,188.00 Time Remaining: 15d 2h 33m Buy It Now for only: $39,188.00 |
 Ford F 350 XL CREW CAB POWER STROKE TURBO DIESELDUALLYSERVICE UTILITY BODYHD LADDER RACKS TOOL BOXES $2,025.09 (14 Bids) Time Remaining: 4d 9h 40m |
 Ford F 350 XLT XLT Super cab 4dr 4x4 TURBO DIESEL long box 1 TON Loaded WARRANTY $1,425.00 (5 Bids) Time Remaining: 4d 10h 20m Buy It Now for only: $10,995.00 |
 Dodge Ram 3500 SLT 07 RAM3500 SLT MEGA CAB DUALLY 4X4 FULL SIZE TURBO DIESEL CAB PREMIUM $27,500.00 Time Remaining: 11d 2h 52m Buy It Now for only: $27,500.00 |
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 Dodge Ram 2500 LARAMIE 10 RAM2500 FULL SIZE TURBO 4WD 4X4 DIESEL CAB GPS LCD NAVIGATION BACKUP CAMERA $45,500.00 Time Remaining: 13d 22h 34m Buy It Now for only: $45,500.00 |
 Chevrolet Silverado 3500 LT Silverado 04 SILVERADO3500 FULL SIZE TURBO CHEVY 4WD 4X4 DIESEL BOSE ONSTAR CAB SPEED CREW $15,000.00 (2 Bids) Time Remaining: 4d 22h 51m |
 Chevrolet Silverado 2500 1996 CHEVY C2500 SILVERADO TURBO DIESEL AUTO 2WD EXTENDED CAB TRUCK $2,999.00 Time Remaining: 4d 23h Buy It Now for only: $3,500.00 |
 GMC Sierra 3500 SLT 05 FULL SIZE DUALLY TURBO 4WD 4X4 DIESEL BOSE ONSTAR CAB CREW $29,000.00 Time Remaining: 16d 23h 10m Buy It Now for only: $29,000.00 |
 Porsche 911 turbo s 2004 Porsche 911 Turbo S cab $45,200.00 (8 Bids) Time Remaining: 4d 23h 7m |
 Dodge Ram 2500 ST Crew Cab 2012 ST Crew 4x4 Tailer Brake Controller Cummins Turbo Diesel Lifetime Warranty $38,023.00 Time Remaining: 14d 12m Buy It Now for only: $38,023.00 |
 Ford F 250 We Finance Used Ford F 250 Extra Cab Powerstroke Turbo Diesel 4x4 Pickup Trucks 4wd Truck $6,150.00 (13 Bids) Time Remaining: 5d 3h 22m |
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Amtrak's Turbo Trains Cab Ride
Sale Price: $29.99  |
DescriptionSelected scenes from inside the cab of Amtrak's Turbo Train as it speeds passengers along the Hudson River from Albany to New York City's Penn Station. |
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(2) Mirror Decals " OBJECTS IN MIRROR ARE LOSING" for DATSUN 2000 240Z 260Z 280Z 521 620 PICKUP KING CAB 310 GX 280ZX 240 260 280 Z ZX FAIRLADY ROADSTER TURBO
Sale Price: $0.99 |
Description2 3/4" decals |
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Extend-A-Truck 944 Truck Bed Extender
List Price: |
DescriptionLengthen your truck with the Extend - A - Truck 2 - in - 1 Load Support. Fits 2" receiver hitches, installing in seconds! Use it upright for roof-level support or horizontally to increase your truck bed's usefulness in an instant! Lumber, big boxes, ladders, kayaks, canoes... |
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Automotive Replace Decoration Roadster Coupe Turbo Racing Air Scroop Hood Bonnet Intake Vent Sport Car SUV for Honda Civic Insight Accord Crosstour Coupe Fit Crosstour Pilot CR-V Element Ridgeline CRX
Sale Price: $12.99 |
DescriptionThis listing is for Brand new Universal racing style Car turbo air scoop hood vent.Package includes one impressive air flow intake vent trim attached 3M adhesive tape.Measurement: approx. L 13 1/2" x W 10" x H 2 3/4" (34... |
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Smashing Drive
List Price: |
DescriptionSmashing Drive is a fast-paced action racer based on the Namco arcade hit. With numerous power-ups, including battering rams, turbo rockets, and buzz-saws, as well as countless pathways and shortcuts throughout the big city, getting from point A to point B is the most fun and excitement a cabbie has ever had behind the wheel. |
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I Dreamed A Dream
List Price: |
DescriptionI Dreamed A Dream |
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Bikini Age
Sale Price: $8.99 |
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London Dream - Single
Sale Price: $1.98 |
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Maisto Porsche 911 Carrera S Cabriolet
List Price: |
DescriptionMaisto?s 1:18 scale Special Edition Die-Cast line brilliantly bridges the gap between collectables and toys. These beautifully sculpted licensed vehicles have the remarkable detail that will astonish any hardcore die-cast collector, while still managing to incorporate the free-wheeling, play value of a children?s toy... |
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Micro Machines Airport #49 + 5 Bonus Cars Collection
Sale Price: $45.31 |
DescriptionProduced by Galoob in 1998. Rare. The approximate size of a Micro Machines vehicle is 1.5 inches long. Approximate size of unopened packaging is 8 x 7.5 x 2.5 inches. |
Its happened to us all at one time or another: we have been a victim, of stress failure. I myself for example have been enduring a failure of sorts, my tibia broke, and broke at a very important intersection, which required surgery... But, most of us have been observant of a less painful failures:
Failures such as
- A rake breaking in our hands
- Or a board snapping under our feet
- Or even a crack in our go kart frame.
The failure can be traced to some event of high load, or obvious miss-application of design intent:
For example:
- Jumping the go kart
- Or trying to move rocks with the rake
- Or jumping on a board that was too thin
Each one of these instances are descriptions of failure. The funny thing is we can predict failure by assimilating the right information (which is readily available) and using mathematical relationships.
Sounds fancy and complicated, but it really means this:
Things have their breaking point, we can predict this breaking point relatively easily.
So lets get to it...
First of all a basic understanding of how to evaluate failure is needed.
The Science of Failure
Science is a system of thought which relies on cause and effect relationships.
Translation: A cause (a go kart flying at obscene speeds) flies over a jump and lands on all for wheels, but suddenly drops to the ground making ugly scraping sounds (the effect).
What other variables are there to this problem? Well what is the problem exactly? A broken frame!
To the untrained eye, the failure would be perceived to be because the go kart went over the jump, when in reality the failure is because the frame could not handle the jump load.
What Failed?
So what is it about the frame that caused it to fail?
That begs the question, what was the failure exactly?
The frame cracked the tubes underneath the seat and basically ripped the tubes in half and the go kart bent down and scraped on the ground.
So the tubes, cracked, and tore and bent.
To evaluate the problem further, we see that the tube (individually) has a wall thickness, or section of material. This section of material tore, or ripped apart.
Key To Failure
The ripping apart ability of material is key to understanding the basis for what is called stress. In fact most materials have the ability to be stretched, or compressed. Stress is evaluated as the amount of force divided by the area that the force is acting on that the material can take.
Stress = Force/Area
So for example, a solid cable (.0625 inches in diameter wire) is hanging from the ceiling. I put a 100 pound load on the cable. The stress in that cable is 100 pounds divided by the cross sectional area of the cable, or 100 pounds/PiR^2 or 100lbs/ .003 in^2 = 32594 psi
To predict whether the cable would snap or not, the stress would have to be around 36000 psi. Well as you can see, we are really close to 36000 psi and any light bump of the weight would cause it to SNAP!
What we did was little prediction. A .0625 cable can only hold so much load, and 100 pounds is about it!
Okay, how did I know that? Because scientists have observed that steel (mild steel that is) breaks consistently at around 36000 psi stress. In fact special pieces of equipment are designed to just cause material samples to fail, day in and day out. What they are doing is validating material samples made at foundries, and steel mills so that guys like you and me can predict and make things with relative assurance that the gokart we are making will not break in half.
So to recap, stress is defined as Force per unit area or
Stress = Force/Area
It is vital to understand that the area of a part relates to the overall strength of the part, because forces flow through this area.
We understand this very well, when we pick up a large rubber band and compare it to small rubber band. The main difference between the two is the cross sectional area of the rubber band. The larger rubber band has more area to work with, and therefore exerts more force when stretched.
If we were to put 3 small rubber bands together we may equal the same force as the large rubber band, that is because the larger rubber band has 3 times as much area as the smaller rubber bands.
So stress is the force that a section of area can take. Once the force exceeds that areas capacity to hold load it snaps, breaks, or stretches then snaps!
Next time... Sectional Area and the relationship to failure
The Go Kart Guru is a Go Karting Design, Fabrication and Performance specialist. Topics ranging from Turbo Charged Go Karts to Wood Go Karts, the Go Kart Guru has something to say (that will help you!) about it. Visit http://GoKartGuru.com for more details.
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